• Equal water and Na+ loss.
• Most common type of dehydration• Fluid loss mainly from ECF
• It leads to shock
• Serum electrolyte WNL ( Na+ level NL)
• V/S: orthostatic hypotension, tachycardia, tachypnea
• The blood will be hemoconcentrated
• Causes:
1. Hemorrhage
2. Fluid loss form GIT ( N, V, D)
3. Diuretic
4. Compensatory mechanism: increase aldosteron
5. Treatment: isotonic fluid like NS, blood for hemorrhage.
Hypertonic Dehydration
• Loss H2O > Na+
• Second most common type
• Will cause increase in ECF and decrease of ICF
• Causes water loss hypernatremia
• V/S: BP and pulse WNL
• Causes:
1. Large insensible loss
2. hyperventilation
3. administration of IV fluid with high electrolytes
4. ketoacidosis
5. Fever
6. DI
7. Watery diarrhea
8. Tube feeding
• Compensatory mechanism: increase ADH, thirst
• Treatment: hypotonic fluid slowly ( D5W, 0.45% NS)
Hypotonic Dehydration
• Loss of Na+ > H2O
• Least common
• Causes decrease ECF and increase ICF
• Na+ loss hyponatremia
• Blood will be hemoconcentrated
• V/S: hypotension, tachycardia, and tachypnea
• Causes:
1. Chronic illness
2. Malnutrition
3. Heat stroke
4. Renal disease
5. Burn
6. In adequate water intake
• compensatory mechanism: increase aldosteron secretion
• Treatment: NS with additional K+, or hypertonic solution with caution.